Configurable Human Participation

HAS-Bench (Wu et al.): human participation as a configurable benchmark variable (five-level agency scale × three interaction channels × personas, 397 tasks) — equal partnership (A3) beats full automation by +8.4 Pass@1 and recovers 65% of autonomy-failed tasks, but returns are configuration-dependent and diminish beyond A3; LLM-simulated human caveat.