Automated Failure Attribution

WHO&WHEN PRO (Liu et al., 12,326 injected-error traces): LLMs mostly cannot attribute multi-agent failures — responsible-agent identification 48–58%, error-mode macro-F1 10.8–22.2, all-three-correct 16–25% vs a 90%+ human panel; accuracy collapses with trace length, and coordination-specific failures get absorbed into 'reasoning error'.